Why Teens Make Bad Decisions

Topic : Why do teens make bad decisions ? Don't be afraid to go after what you want to do, and what you want to be. But don't be afraid to be willing to pay the price. In the last 20 years, the earnings level of dropouts doubled, while it nearly tripled for college graduates. Approximately 4 in 10 young women in the U. S. become pregnant at least once before turning 20 years old. These are perfect examples of bad decisions teens make in life . Teenagers can’t be considered as adults because their lack of maturity and their brain aren’t developed yet .Teens lack their maturity to care of the consequences of there actions . They can get into it from fun , pressure , and being curious/experiment . A part of a teens brain isn’t developed fully so that’s what makes them stupid . The human brain for females fully develops by the age 19 – 21 and for guys it’s 25 . Teenagers usually are not willing to get something from hard work so they find an easy way out of it . Things like smoking , doing drugs , and drinking .Many kids get peer pressure either because that’s the only choice they have , like in a party they don’t want to feel like a loser or a outcast or because they started hanging out with different people and they happened to do drugs . People are influenced by peers because they want to fit in, be like peers they admire, do what others are doing, or have what others have. Also influence by the way they dress and act, things they're involved in, and the attitudes they show. Not all peer pressure is bad , peers can set good examples for each other .Having peers who are committed to school or doing good in a sport will most likely influence you to do the same . Your peers encourage you to work hard for something you really want . Your friends will be their to listen and support you when your down and upset . Your friends listen and give you their opinion on things . They can also help you make decisions , fr iends often give each other good advice and will be quick to tell you when you might be doing the wrong thing or maybe something risky .Many kids are raised right and taught well but they still do bad decisions due to lack of parenting . When a kid and parents fight that kid has more than enough â€Å"emotional support† from the wrong people, who agree with his side of things, outside his family. Bad parenting never helps a child grow into a solid, sensible, teen; but I'm convinced that many, if not most, bad choices teens make are not the result of bad parenting. The goal for parents is to create an environment where teens can trust and learn from .It’s very important that parents be aware about how they act and feel so that they can talk about the situation appropriately when there dealing with a teenager whose doing bad decisions . Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers. One reason often heard from people using drugs is that they do it to make them feel good .Some might light up a cigarette at a party . They might not consider themselves a † smoker † but they do it to feel good or to † look cool † . Some teens might smoke pot in a friends house because they would think its fun . Little did they know that the same effects can occur whether you’re drinking to have fun or drinking to forget a problem whether you're doing drugs to see how they feel or doing them to be one of the crowd . No one wants to be left out.So sometimes they make bad decisions , like taking drugs , to cover up their insecurities. They don't think about how drugs can isolate you from your friends and family. Lots of people turn to drugs for a little excitement because they say there’s nothing else to do . But people who make these kinds of decisions usually find out that drugs are a waste . Drugs don’t change the situa tion they might make it worse . In addition another reason why teenagers take drugs is because they want to escape and relax .The thing is , the problems are still there and not only do they still have to deal with it , they have to deal with it when they’re not thinking straight . The number one drug that teens use is marijuana . Anyway it goes in your body will mess up the way your brain works and ability to do good decisions . These bad decisions can involve making sexual choices that are unsafe , saying things your going to regret later . Whats more negative then all of those is that it can effect your memory and your ability to learn .Marijuana affects different people in different ways , but the following short-term effects are common : problems with thinking and solving problems difficulty remembering and learning things altered perception of light, sound and touch clumsiness increased appetite increased heart rate No matter why other people are using it , you don†™t have to join them . You’re the one that needs to speak up and make smart choices . Many teens make the mistake of giving into their urgues without thinking things through . Sex is more then just a pleasurable act , it’s a risk .Most teens don’t stop to think about having sex . Deciding whether it’s right for you to have sex is one of the most important decisions teens ever have to make . In fact considering some factors both physical ones , like a possibility of becoming pregnant or getting a sexually transmitted disease (STD) . On the other hand some teens who are going out don’t pressure each other about sex , truth is that in many relationships one person wants to have sex but the other one doesn’t .One person in a relationship is more curious and has stronger sexual feelings than the other . As with almost every other major decision in life , teenagers ned to do what is right for them and no one else . Sex should be an expression of love not something a person feels that they must do . If a boyfriend or girlfriend truly love you they wouldn’t pressure you to do something you aren’t ready for yet . Each person must use his or her judgment and decide if it’s the right time and the right person .Alcohol use is very common among teens , especially drinking five or more alcholic beverages over the course of a few hours , it’s dangerous for a teen because it puts them at risk of health problems now and the future . Everyone knows that the legal drinking age throughout the United States is 21. But according to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse , almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol. When large amounts of alcohol are consumed in a short period of time , alcohol poisoning can result .Some reasons that teens use alcohol and other drugs are : curiosity to feel good , reduce stress , and relax to fit in to feel older Although it’s illegal to buy alcoho l in the united states until 21 , many teens can get access to it . Therefore it’s up to the teen to make the decision about drinking . Teens who drink are likely to get into fights and commit crimes . Teens who drink are more likely to be sexually active and have unprotected sex . Use of alcohol causes the chance that a teen will be involved in a car crash , homicide , or suicide .One thing leads to another and then another and then another. Before you know it , you've made a bad decision based on the bad decision you made before that one . As a teen your trying to find your own place in the world . Making decisions for yourself , those decisions can be good ones or bad . parents can’t sit back and watch you make mistakes to learn from . If your parents think that you are hiding things from them in order to do things they wouldn’t approve .You must behave in an open and honest manner with your parents at all times . You need to give them an idea of how you thin k and behave when there not around . Many teens take their relationships every bit as seriously as adults . Parents need to be positive about the teens friends and get to know them . Like it or not , the teenager friends will be most likely be their strongest influence and support when it comes to dating . Dating helps teenagers to get along with others , communicate , and make decisions .It is an important part of growing up . Here are some teenagers' statistics and facts about sexuality in the United States : Parents rate high among teens as trustworthy and preferred information sources on birth control. Half of teens say they trust their parents for reliable and complete information on birth control. Teens say that parents most influence their decisions about dating and relationships. 89 percent of parents think they've had helpful conversations with their teens about sex.Only 71 percent of teens agree. Body image can be a real problem for every teenager . Body image is a personà ¢â‚¬â„¢s opinion , thoughts , and feelings about their body and physical appearance . Body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look , appreciating your body , and accepting it’s imperfections . So how a teen feels about their body will affect on how they feel about themselves . If the teen gets to focused on not liking the way they look , their self esteem can go down .While it's important to have a positive body image , getting too focused on body image and appearance can cause a teen to overlook the other positive parts of themselves . Teenagers are more worried about body image than the environment , school and peer pressure. Self esteem is all about how much people value themselves , the pride they feel In themselves , and how they feel . It’s important because feeling good about yourself will affect you on the way that you act . Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves.That’s not the right way to so lve your insecuritys about yourself , all you need to do is change the way you see your body and what you think about yourself . Sexually transmitted diseases ( STD ) are infections diseases that spread from person to person . STD can affect guys and girls from all ages who are having sex . If you untreat some STD’s can cause permanent damage like not having a baby or even death . STD’s spread easily because you can’t tell whether someone has it or not .In fact some teens have STD’s and don’t even know it . These teens are in danger of passing the infection to their sex partner without realizing it . Two of the main reasons people are bullied are because of appearance and social status . Bullies pick on people they don’t fit in , maybe because of how they look , how they act , or their race or religion . Teens in a popular group often bully people they think is different by excluding them and talk about them . A lot of bullies have things in common .They like to take over and focus on themselves . They sometimes have no feelings or caring to other people . Bullies put other people down to make themselves feel more powerful . And some bullies act the way they do because they’ve been hurt by bullies in the past or maybe the bully was in there family like their parents or even another adult . Bullying backfires and makes everyone feel bad and miserable even the bullies themselves . People might feel intimidated by bullies , but they don't respect them.

Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems

Introduction This paper summarises the views of two authors on how job applicants or potential employees perceive selection procedures. Both articles focus on employees’ perceptions of selection methods. Article 1: â€Å"Applicants Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†. The first article is written by Ryan and Plolyhart (2000) and is titled â€Å"Applicants’ Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†. This article is motivated by the fact that low unemployment rates have increased the competition for employees, which has forced organisations to review the various components used in selecting job applicants and how job applicants’ perceptions of those procedures can affect the attractiveness of the organisation to potential employees. Another motivation for this study is the fact that there is lack of better research on applicant perspectives. Thirdly, the article notes that social justice theorists are looking for ways to apply social justice theory concepts to applicants’ perceptions of selection methods. Moreover, there is an increasing diversity in the workforce as well as racial differences in perception of selection procedures which can affect the manner in which j ob applicants perceive organisations and thus the attractiveness of those organisations to potential employees. The article notes that one of the main assumptions of most research in this area is that the manner in which job applicants perceive selection procedures and processes affects the manner in which the applicant views the organisation and thus the decision on whether to apply for a job vacancy to that organisation or not. The article also suggests that differences in perceptions between minority and majority groups on certain selection procedures can account for some of the differences in job performance that is often observed between these two groups. The article begins by reviewing the works of Schimittand Gilliland (1992) and Gilliland (1993). These studies develop a model which provides a link between between applicants’ perceptions of selection systems and situational factors and their subsequent â€Å"attitudes and behaviours† towards those organisations. The model postulates that applicants’ perceptions of the procedural justice system are influenced by situational characteristics. These characteristics include the type of test administered during the selection process, the human resource policy of the organisation and the behaviour of the human resource staff of the organisation. The overall fairness of the selection system is influenced by the degree to which the applicants’ perceptions of the procedural justice of the selection system meet the expectations of applicants. The framework further stipulates that applicants’ prior experiences with a selection system would affect the evaluatio n of the system. Distributive justice rules of equity, equality, and need have an impact on the perceptions of the distributive fairness of the final decision reached through the selection system. Distributive justice rules are in turn influenced by performance expectations and the salience of discrimination. In a nutshell, the framework concludes that there should be a relationship between outcomes such as â€Å"job application decisions, test motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, endorsement of the company’s products, job acceptance decisions, job satisfaction, and performance among others† and applicants’ perceptions of fairness of the selection process. After reviewing the framework, the authors then move on to provide a critical review of the empirical literature and evaluating how they conform to the framework. The review focuses on four key areas including: The perceptions that have been studied; The factors that determine applicants’ perceptions; The consequences of holding more positive or negative perceptions; and The theoretical frameworks that have been presented. With respect to the applicants’ perceptions that have been studied, the article notes that the most commonly researched perceptions include applicants’ feelings regarding degree to which the selection system is related to the job, feelings about the fairness of various aspects of the selection system and its associated outcomes, as well as feelings about test taking motivation. The authors provide a critical review in this area and conclude that a major concern with most of these studies is that their constructs are imprecise with respect to the manner in which they are defined as well as the variability with which they are operationalised. As a result, the authors conclude that a better conceptualisation of research on test behaviours and on fairness is required to improve understanding. The authors however, admit that the work of Chan et al (1998) to a certain extent provides a link between test attitudes and perception of fairness although the study focused only on two concepts from each line of research. According to the authors, lack of an improved integration of studies on test attitudes on fairness and test attitudes makes understanding difficult. For example, it is difficult to determine whether potential employees who are more anxious perceive procedures are more unfair as opposed to those who are less anxious. In addition, it is difficult to deter mine whether beliefs about testing have a higher impact on perceptions of fairness of a procedure than characteristics of the procedure and selection situation itself. The author notes that notes that most test-taking attitude measures are perceptions of oneself (including motivation, anxiety, etc) while justice-related perceptions typically focus on the fairness of the test used in making hiring or rejection decisions. The authors argue that there should be a relationship between applicants’ motivation and anxiety and the justice-related perceptions. The authors also suggest that it is important for other perceptions to be tested. Basically most of the studies under review focus on how the motivation or perceptions of applicants influence their perceptions of fairness. This approach neglects the impact of other perceptions of fairness that may be critical for the improvement of selection systems. Article 2: â€Å"Fairness Reactions to Selection Methods: An Italian Study†. This article is written by Bertolino and Steiner (2007). Like the first article, this article begins by reviewing the works of other authors who provide different conceptual frameworks on the relationship between applicants’ perceptions of fairness of selection systems and their attitudes and behaviours towards the organisations. This article cites the work of Schuler (1993) whose framework suggests that the reaction of applicants to a selection process is a function of the key characteristics of the selection techniques employed. In addition, the article reviews the work of Anderson and Ostroff (1997) who focus on the socialisation impact of selection methods. Like the first article, the second article also reviews the work of Gilliland (1993) who employ organisational justice theory to comprehend the reaction of applicants to selection systems. Unlike the first article, which is based solely on a critical review of empirical literature on the reaction of applicants to selection systems as well as the underlying models of selection systems, the second article is based on both primary and secondary information. It begins by reviewing literature, and then conducts and exploratory study on the reaction of applicants to selection systems using a sample of 137 Italian students. The study is motivated by the fact that despite the presence of evidence on selection systems, most of the studies have been conducted in other countries with no attention given to Italy. The article notes that cultural differences may play an important role in the manner in which applicants perceive selection systems and thus their reaction to those systems as well as their attitudes towards the organisation. Based on the four dimensions of culture proposed by Hofstede (1980, 1991) (individualism vs collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femi ninity, and power distance), the article suggests that it is possible for selection systems to be avoided by these four dimensions. For example, the article reviews the work of Ryan et al. (1999) who show that uncertainty avoidance can affect the selection practices of many countries. In addition, the study reviews the work of Triandis (1990) who argue that people from countries with high uncertainty avoidance prefer predictability, knowing what others will do, and having clear instructions and expectations. This means that employees who work in countries with high uncertainty avoidance should be more inclined towards engaging in structuring activities, including the standardisation of practices. On the contrary, those in countries with low uncertainty avoidance should be less committed to formal structures and should be prepared to accept spontaneous changes in practices. The study employed a survey questionnaire to study the reaction of Italian student to selection systems. The questionnaire used in the study is the one developed by Steiner and Gilliland (1996) which presents 10 different selection methods used in the U.S or Europe. The questionnaire asked students to think about a job they would apply for upon completion of their course Using a within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) the ratings of process favourability was compared across 10 selection methods. The evidence suggests that there are significant differences across the 10 selection methods. The selection method that received the most favoured rating was â€Å"work-sample test†. Resumes, written ability tests, interviews and personal preferences had the second favourable rating. Personality tests and biographical information blanks received a neutral rating while honesty tests and personal contacts received negative ratings. The authors conclude that their results are similar to those obtained from other countries. In particular, they observe that employer’s right, opportunity to perform and face validity are the procedural dimensions that had a high correlation with process favourability for all four countries that were studied. The two articles are similar in that they both begin by providing a theoretical framework on selection methods. Both articles provide the same theory which shows that there is a relationship between applicants’ perceptions and their reactions to selection systems. However, the first article differs from the second one in that it is based solely on the review of secondary literature. The article does not arrive on any conclusions with respect applicants reactions to selection systems. Rather, it identifies weaknesses in the literature and provides recommended procedures for improvement in future studies. On the contrary, the second article employs primary data to study how employees’ perceptions of selection systems affect their reactions to those systems. It compares findings to previous studies and concludes that culture has no significant impact on employees’ reaction to selection systems in Western countries. The study observes that the findings from France, I taly and other Western countries are similar to those obtained in studies from the United States. This shows that the different cultural dimensions mentioned in Hofstede (1981, 1990) do not influence the manner in which employees perceive selection systems which means that it does not affect the manner in which the react to those systems. The foregoing suggests that other factors may be affecting employees’ perceptions rather than culture. Conclusions and Recommendations Based on the discussion of the two articles above, one can conclude that employees’ perception of selection procedures influences the manner in which they behave towards the organisation and the decision to accept or reject an offer to work for a particular company. These perceptions may even influence the applicants other interactions with the company such as deciding to buy or not to buy the company’s products. The main difference between the two articles is that one focuses on criticising research on selection systems while one focuses on understanding how employees perceive selection systems across countries and how those systems affect their reaction. Based on this conclusion, it is important for organisations to note that the manner in which they design their selection system can affect the perception of applicants and as such affect the attractiveness of vacancies to potential applicants. Selection systems can even influence the ability of a company to attract qu alified applicants. If employees have a negative perception about a particular company, they may not be motivated to apply for a vacancy in that company and this may make it difficult for the company to fill the vacancy with a qualified applicant. Consequently, employers should seek the most favourable selection systems so as to increase their ability to attract qualified applicants to their jobs. The first article shows that research on selection systems is limited. Therefore, this paper recommends that more research should be conducted on selection systems and how employees perceive those systems. By so doing one can provide better recommendations to employers to aid them in designing their selection systems. References Bertolino, M., Steiner, D. D. (2007) â€Å"Fairness Reactions to Selection Methods: An Italian study†, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15, Number 2 Ryan, A. N., Ployhart R. E. (2000) â€Å"Applicants Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†, Journal of Management, 26, 565-606

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Marketing demographics Essay The profile for the potential customers of Bob Bicycles consists of the following geographic, demographic, and behavioral factors: It is said that the immediate geographic target of the company is London. In terms of demographics, the company’s market segment includes male and female whose age ranges from 25 above. In a study conducted, it is noted that commuter cycling in the city is mainly dominated by white males with ages ranging from 25-44; this is because women is facing more barriers in cycling than men (See Figure 2). Most cyclists are also employers and employees who have seen the benefits of cycling with their health, economic and personal factors. As can be seen, children are not considered as a potential market since London is not allowing children to use bicycle for transport. Aside from this, other factors to be considered in the demographics of the potential customers of Bob includes the levels of bicycle usage, reasons for use, behavioral factors and geodemographic factors. Figure 2 Profile of Commute Cyclists 2006-2007 Behavior Factors. In terms of behavioral and cultural aspects, it can be said that Bob bicycles can be considered to have a big potential in London because of the high quality bicycles of Bob which meets the current trends in the bicycle market. In addition, there is a value attributed to the used of bicycle as a means of transport. There are various attitudes to cycling that should be considered by Bob in the London market (See figure 3). This result was based on the study conducted by TFL Omnibus Survey in 2007. Most of the perception of the individuals with regards to cycling is its economic, personal and health benefits. Figure 3 Attitude towards Cycling. Based on the analysis, it can be said that Bob’s plan of expanding his business in the London market, is very feasible and potential based on the current trends in business environment and the pool of demographics and potential target markets. Reference Automatic Traffic Count Data (2007). London Travel report 2007, 2007, TfL. Online available http://www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/corporate/London-Travel-Report-2007-final. pdf. Retrieve October 6, 2008. Heywood, C (2004). The Near Market for Cycling in London. Online available at http://www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/cycling-market-report. pdf.retrieve October 6, 2008 Cycling Action Plan (2004). Creating a chain reaction The London Cycling Action Plan. Online available http://www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/cycling-action-plan. pdf. Retrieve October 6, 2008 Cycling and Motorbikes (2008). Online available at http://www. bbc. co. uk/london/content/articles/2005/06/14/cycling_inlondon_feature. shtml. Retrieve October 6, 2008 Synovate Ltd (2008). TfL Omnibus attitudes to cycling, 2007, Synovate. Online available http://www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/cycling-training-effectiveness-results-summary-2008. pdf. retrieve October 6, 2008.

Demonstration and Narrator States Essay Example for Free

Demonstration and Narrator States Essay The story of Ligeia describes a man who meets a women in which the circumstances of are filled with hallucinations and mystery. The existence of Ligeia starts to come develop as the narrator starts fixating on her erratic learning, rare beauty, and the care for language. The narrator describes the first encounter with Ligeia in Germany, in which he states,† Yet I know that I met her most frequently in some large, old, decaying city near the Rhine. † (Belasco, Johnson pg. 1021). The narrator states he think he meets her in Germany, in which he states he doesn’t remember much. The narrator demonstrates hallucinations and an altered state of mind with his visions of Ligeia. For example, the narrator explains that he met Ligeia’s family, but he can’t recall their name. The narrator describes Ligeia as a tall and thin women, whose days were emaciated. (1021). The narrator describes her voice as a sweet and low and face like an â€Å"opium dream†. (1021). Ligeia’s hair was described as looking like a raven and her skin as white as ivory. The visions of Ligeia comes from light and darkness that the narrator uses to conflict the two metaphysical traditions. The narrator describes Ligeia’s features with â€Å"strangeness†, in which her most distinguishing feature was her curly hair, in which her eyes matched. Ligeia’s image is described in a mysterious way in which the narrator blisses his memory of her exquisiteness. The narrator also describes Ligeia’s language and learning skills, in which helped him understand the world of theoretical studies during the first years of their marriage. The visions of Ligeia grow stronger as she gets ill and the narrator reads a poem which describes the natural disaster of life. The poem describes a theater where angels have come to see mysterious movements which are controlled by outside manifestations. The presences of the outside presences during the poem demonstrate mystery and darkness. After the death of Ligeia, the narrator gets remarried to Lady Rowena in which he gets a Gothic art piece in which his wife is frightened of. The narrator’s second wife begins to get sick like Ligeia and the narrator begins to think that death is forthcoming. The death of Lady Rowena brings flashback memories of Ligeia to the narrator and how obsessed he was for the love they once had. The gothic bridal chamber that Lady Rowena is in has Ligeia’s sensuality in the creation of the chamber so the narrator can remember her. The visions of Ligeia demonstrate irrational beliefs as where she returns alive in the bridal chamber in which the narrator scared of the rebirth of the corpse. Although Ligeia died, the memory of her stayed in the mind of the narrator. The return of Ligeia demonstrated that the narrator lost his sense of reality and the manifestation of her signifies that the vision of Ligeia is more physical than just a memory.